At present, my country's photovoltaic industry is facing a severe situation of slow development of the domestic market, and foreign countries encountering repeated "dual reverse" investigations by the United States, the European Union, and India.
Industry insiders believe that currently photovoltaic companies have only two options: either relocate to a foreign country, avoid the “dual reverse” investigations in Europe and the United States against China, continue to export, or switch to the domestic market. At present, some domestic enterprises have moved to Southeast Asia and other countries. But this is not a long-term solution after all. The development of the domestic market is the general trend in the development of the photovoltaic industry.
It is understood that relevant state departments have successively issued some policies to open up channels for distributed photovoltaic power generation to be connected to the grid.
Rooftop "Photovoltaic Power Station" Experiment
Zhang Kangxun, a 54-year-old from Xialixi Village, Shizhu Town, Yongkang City, installed a photovoltaic power generation device on the roof of his home, consisting of 100 solar panels and 47 storage batteries. According to his calculations, one month's electricity consumption in his home has dropped from nearly 400 kWh to 100 kWh, which saves an average of 150 yuan in electricity bills per month. This "photovoltaic power station" is estimated to be able to generate more than 9,000 kilowatt-hours a year.
In fact, there is a precedent for the rooftop "photovoltaic power station" in our city: the rooftop photovoltaic power generation system of the 500kV Zhiyan smart substation is the first photovoltaic power generation attempt of the State Grid in the 500kV smart substation; the solar photovoltaic power station of Yiwu International Trade City is more It is a classic of the combination of photovoltaic and architecture. When completed, it is the largest single-scale solar photovoltaic power generation system in the country. The solar grid-connected power generation system has a total installed capacity of 1.295 megawatts and is composed of 7,000 photovoltaic panels.
In addition, Hengdian Group also has two rooftop "photovoltaic power stations": one is a 1 MW rooftop photovoltaic power generation demonstration project built by Zhejiang Hengdian New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. on the roof of the Hengdian Dongmag Solar Energy Division; the other is Dongyang Dongmag Co., Ltd. The company installed a 20.7 MW user-side rooftop photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system on the company's roof.
Yongkang's Zhejiang Jinpin Energy Technology Co., Ltd. has also been committed to developing the domestic market for photovoltaic products. So far, the company has reduced its exports of photovoltaic products to less than 5%. The rooftop photovoltaic power generation project in Yongkang Economic Development Zone completed by the company last year successfully passed the approval of the Ministry of Finance and other ministries and commissions, and received 110 million yuan in subsidies from the central government. At present, Jinpin Energy Technology Co., Ltd. has completed a 1.5 MW national "Golden Sun" demonstration project, and the relevant grid connection procedures are being completed; the 20 MW national "Golden Sun" demonstration project successfully declared in 2011 is under construction.
Distributed into photovoltaic rescuers?
What is distributed photovoltaic power generation? Generally refers to the construction method that is different from centralized photovoltaic power generation. It is generally built on the user side. The electricity produced is mainly for self-use. It has the characteristics of small capacity, low voltage level, close to the load, and small impact on the power grid. It can be applied to industrial plants and public On the roofs of buildings and residents.
"If you count the money, you definitely won't be counted back." Zhang Kangxun admitted frankly that he had invested nearly 50,000 yuan just to buy solar panels and batteries. "On average, it can save 150 yuan in electricity bills per month. Even if it is 35,000 yuan, it will take nearly 20 years to save it, and the life of solar panels is only about 20 years."
Zhang Kangxun said that if it can be connected to the National Grid, the electric energy generated by the solar panels can be directly led to the National Grid, and there is no need for batteries. In this way, when his "photovoltaic power station" cannot generate electricity, he can buy electricity from the national grid, and when the power is sufficient, he can sell the electricity to the national grid.
In 2012, in a number of documents from the National Energy Administration, distributed photovoltaic power generation systems replaced photovoltaic power plants and became the focus of policy attention. On December 19 last year, the State Council executive meeting clearly stated: "Actively explore the domestic photovoltaic application market and focus on promoting distributed photovoltaic power generation."
On October 26 last year, the State Grid Corporation of China announced the "Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Grid-connected Services." It is mentioned that from November 1st last year, photovoltaic power plants with an access voltage of 10 kV and below and a single grid connection point with an installed capacity of no more than 6 MW can be connected to the grid for free, and photovoltaic projects connected to the public grid can be connected to the system. The public grid transformation project caused by the project and the connection, and the public grid transformation project caused by the connection of the photovoltaic project on the user side are all invested and constructed by the power grid enterprise.
Jinhua Electric Power Bureau responded positively. It has issued the "Opinions" brochure and the application form for grid connection of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects to all power supply business offices. According to the principle of "internal transfer to external non-transfer" in the grid connection process, it is used to apply for grid connection. Customers of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects provide one-stop high-quality services such as policy publicity, grid-connected business consulting, business acceptance, and grid-connected services.
At present, our province is actively applying to the state for the “Golden Sun” demonstration project and the large-scale application demonstration area of distributed photovoltaic power generation. Demonstration projects are no less than 2,000 MW, and no less than 6 demonstration areas for large-scale distributed photovoltaic power generation applications are arranged.
Feed-in tariffs and subsidies are the key
Zhejiang Xinshun Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd. is committed to the development of building-integrated photovoltaic systems, and has occupied a certain share in the European and American markets. The company’s chairman Lu Meiyue said that many of the photovoltaic products that the company exports to foreign countries are used in distributed photovoltaic power stations. She hopes to build similar power stations in China. The key now is the country’s subsidy policy and profit prospects.
Zhang Xiaoqing, a senior engineer of the Development Planning Department of Jinhua Electric Power Bureau, believes that photovoltaic power generation is less economical than conventional energy sources and does not yet have a competitive advantage. It will only be profitable through subsidies for a certain period of time.
On-grid tariffs and subsidies have always been the focus of attention in the photovoltaic industry. It is understood that in 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on Improving the Policy for Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Tariffs", clearly stipulating that the on-grid tariffs for photovoltaic power generation projects approved around July 1, 2011 are 1.15 yuan/kWh and 1 yuan/ Kilowatt hours.
The staff of Jinhua Electric Power Bureau stated that the State Grid supports distributed photovoltaic power generation projects to be connected to the distribution network, allowing surplus electricity to go online, and grid companies purchase surplus electricity in full in accordance with national policies.
At present, the 20.7 MW distributed photovoltaic power generation project under construction in Yongkang intends to select the surplus power grid connection method. Jinxi Development Zone is also actively applying for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation projects.
However, according to the notice from the National Development and Reform Commission, for solar photovoltaic power generation projects ("Golden Sun" projects) subsidized by the central government, the on-grid power will be implemented at the benchmark on-grid tariff for local desulfurization coal-fired units. The on-grid tariff is generally 0.4 yuan per kilowatt. Time around. Non-"Golden Sun" projects can get the on-grid electricity price of 1 yuan/kWh, and it must be approved by the Development and Reform Commission. The part of the on-grid electricity price of solar photovoltaic power generation projects that is higher than the benchmark on-grid electricity price of local desulfurization coal-fired units will be solved through the national levy of renewable energy electricity price surcharges.
“This year’s feed-in tariff has not yet been determined. However, due to regional differences, such as compared with Northwestern Provinces, due to different sunshine conditions, local photovoltaic power plants have significantly lower power generation efficiency, making it impossible for local photovoltaic companies to predict the benefits and risks. It is estimated that the enthusiasm for the development of photovoltaic power plants is not high.” Zhang Xiaoqing said that one of the new photovoltaic policies finalized by the State Council this time is to improve the support policy, set the benchmark electricity price for photovoltaic power plants in different regions based on resource conditions, and implement subsidies for distributed photovoltaic power generation in accordance with the amount of electricity. According to the policy, the feed-in tariff and subsidy standards should be adjusted and reduced reasonably according to cost changes.
In addition, in terms of subsidies, Zhang Xiaoqing suggested that fiscal funds can be changed from subsidies for installed capacity to subsidies for power generation.
There is also good news. The photovoltaic power plant project implements the same value-added tax preferential policy as wind power, which has been reduced from the previous 17% to 8.5%.
The other is to promote photovoltaics to the countryside, which means that ordinary users like Zhang Kangxun can also become power generation suppliers after going through the prescribed procedures.
